Thomas Honors His Father Lee Zane (338th) on the Battlefields

  • Novembre 9, 2024
736 1024 Gothic Tuscany aps

the editorial team

Honor to the father

Thomas Zane ha organizzato questo viaggio con un obiettivo chiaro: vedere con i propri occhi i luoghi dove suo padre, il Capitano Lee Zane, aveva ricevuto la Silver Star durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale per il suo contributo nella battaglia del Passo del Giogo. Ogni tappa di questo viaggio in Italia è stata scelta con attenzione, guidata dal desiderio di conoscere più a fondo le fasi della presenza di suo padre nella Campagna d’Italia a partire dal suo arrivo sul teatro di guerra. Il Capitano Zane era comandante della Compagnia “H” del 2° Battaglione del 338° Reggimento Fanteria appartenente alla 85th Infantry “Custer” Division. L’azione più importante alla quale Lee aveva partecipato era stata al Giogo di Scarperia, dove nel settembre 1944 si combatté per vincere la resistenza tedesca sulla Linea Gotica nell’obiettivo di liberare l’Italia.

Captain Lee Zane – it is important to remember – was a veteran who had already fought in Italy with the heavy weapons company – Browning machine guns and 81mm mortars – on the Gustav Line, during the clashes west of Minturno between Tremensuoli and Solacciano in May 1944. But that is another story.

Thomas Zane between places and memories on the Giogo di Scarperia.

I volontari di Gotica Toscana aps hanno accompagnato Thomas, il figlio di Lee, sui luoghi chiave di quei giorni di combattimento. Ci siamo recati presso le postazioni dove operavano le mitragliatrici della Compagnia “H” e al comando della 85th Divisione “Custer” posta presso la Fattoria del Paretaio. Abbiamo poi reso omaggio al Cippo del 338th Infantry Regiment che i veterani hanno collocato nel 1987 di fronte al Peabody Peak sotto Monte Altuzzo. Ognuno di questi luoghi ha evocato ricordi silenziosi. Thomas, immerso nei suoi pensieri e nei racconti del padre, sembrava vivere un’intima solitudine. In una vecchia foto del VE Day, il padre appare in piedi, il terzo da sinistra: un uomo che, come tanti altri, ha vissuto la guerra e fatto il suo dovere, lasciando a Thomas una memoria che oggi egli con noi ha vissuto sui luoghi di suo padre decidendo di effettuare un viaggio della memoria dedicato al ricordo e al ringraziamento di quei soldati che hanno combattuto per noi.

Company H and its support on Mount Altuzzo.

Durante quei giorni tra il 12 e il 18 settembre 1944, la Compagnia “H”, specializzata in armi pesanti, era stata schierata lungo il fianco sinistro della Strada Statale che saliva al Giogo, in corrispondenza della località Omorto (nei pressi di dove adesso si trova il Monumento ai caduti del 363th fantry Regiment). La missione della Compagnia “H” era supportare le truppe impegnate nell’attacco su Monte Altuzzo. Utilizzando le mitragliatrici pesanti Browning, tentava di allentare la pressione nemica sulle altre compagnie, che subivano gravi perdite sotto il fuoco tedesco. La Compagnia “H”, sotto la guida del Capitano Zane, operava per proteggere le Compagnie “A”, “B” e “C”, permettendo loro di avanzare con maggiore sicurezza verso le linee nemiche.

The Browning machine gun, a fundamental weapon.

American soldiers fire with the Browning against Monticelli Ridge.

The Browning M1919 heavy machine gun was one of the main weapons used by the United States and Allied forces during World War II. The M1919 was a .30 caliber (7.62 mm) machine gun that used standard 7.62×63 mm (.30-06 Springfield) ammunition. This caliber provided excellent penetration and long-range effectiveness. It could fire approximately 400-600 rounds per minute, a rate sufficient to keep enemy troops under pressure, allowing infantry units to advance or retreat as needed. Its weight was around 14 kg, plus the tripod and ammunition, which made it relatively stationary during combat, so it was positioned in strategic points to maximize support for moving units.

The M1919 was air-cooled, unlike the earlier M1917 model, still used on the Giogo battlefield, which was water-cooled. This made the M1919 lighter and easier to handle, but it also required periodic pauses to avoid overheating. Its effective range was about 1,400 meters, with a maximum range of up to 3,700 meters. It was therefore an ideal weapon for long-range support fire, such as that provided by Company H at the Giogo Pass.

The Role of Forward Observer of Captain Zane.

During the most critical phases of the fighting on Monte Altuzzo, Captain Zane also took on the role of forward observer. This task required being on the front lines to direct support fire with precision. His advanced position on the battlefield helped make the support provided by Company "H" more effective in aiding the assault on the summit of Altuzzo. For this role, which saved many lives, Captain Lee Zane was awarded the Silver Star, a decoration given to the most determined soldiers who performed their duty in difficult and dangerous circumstances.

It was the responsibility of the forward observer officer to identify targets from privileged observation points using binoculars or periscopes, and then communicate the information to the firing positions. Therefore, the task involved coordinating fire through radio or visual signals to synchronize the action of the machine guns with the advance of the infantry units, allowing the troops to move with protective cover in relative safety. The officer was also sometimes in communication with artillery observers, helping to direct fire on the most important targets.

In fact, the role of the forward observer was one of the most dangerous tasks on the battlefield: positioned close to the enemy line, often exposed to fire, the observer operated under risky conditions. It was a role that required uncommon tactical skills and courage.

Thank you, Captain Lee Zane, for what you did for all of us.

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